01 - Preheat oven to 425°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or lightly grease with butter.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together flour, baking soda, salt, sugar, and caraway seeds. Add raisins or currants if using.
03 - Create a well in the center of the dry mixture. Pour in buttermilk and melted butter. Gently stir with a wooden spoon until a shaggy dough forms.
04 - Turn dough onto a lightly floured surface. Knead gently for approximately 1 minute until just combined—avoid overworking. Shape into a round loaf about 7 inches wide.
05 - Transfer loaf to prepared baking sheet. Using a sharp knife, cut a deep cross pattern across the top of the dough. Brush lightly with additional melted butter.
06 - Bake for 35–40 minutes until deeply golden brown. The loaf is done when it sounds hollow when tapped on the bottom.
07 - Transfer to a wire rack and cool for at least 30 minutes before slicing to ensure proper texture.